Tube qauv: Ib lub raj fluorescent muaj lub iav raj, ib qho filament, phosphor, thiab sab hauv hydrogen thiab ib qho me me ntawm mercury.
Electron emission: Cov filament yog mob nrog tungsten hlau. Thaum tam sim no ntws los ntawm nws, cov filament heats thiab emits electrons.
Glow paug: Thaum lub raj nqus tsev vacuum- puv nrog hydrogen thiab me me ntawm mercury, electrons tsoo nrog cov roj molecules los tsim lub ci tawm, emitting luv heev - wavelength, pom tsis pom lub teeb.
Phosphor hloov dua siab tshiab: Lub teeb pom tsis pom no yog nqus los ntawm phosphor ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub raj thiab hloov mus rau hauv pom lub teeb zoo ib yam li lub hnub ci.
Pib txheej txheem: Lub oob khab thiab ballast ua ntej ua kom sov lub filament, emitting electrons. Tom qab ntawd, lub tshuab hluav taws xob bimetallic tiv tauj kaw thiab qhib, ua kom muaj hluav taws xob siab uas ua rau lub teeb ci.